Kartida Mashiinka oo baaxad weyn

Muraayadaha indhaha ee waaweyn (sida caadiga ah tixraacaya qaybaha indhaha ee dhexroorkoodu u dhexeeyo tobanaan sentimitir ilaa dhowr mitir) ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara tignoolajiyada casriga casriga ah, iyada oo codsiyada ay ku taxan yihiin dhinacyo badan sida indho-indheynta xiddigiska, fiisigiska laser, wax soo saarka warshadaha, iyo qalabka caafimaadka. Kuwa soo socdaa waxay faahfaahin ka bixinayaan xaaladaha codsiga, shaqada, iyo kiisaska caadiga ah:

1, Awood Ururinta Iftiinka oo La xoojiyey

Mabda'a: Cabbirka lens-ka weyn wuxuu u dhigmaa iftiin-dalool weyn (aag wax ku ool ah), taasoo awood u siinaysa ururinta tamar iftiin badan.

Xaaladaha Codsiga:

U fiirsashada Astronomical: Tusaale ahaan, 18-ka lenses beryllium ee waaweyn ee Telescope James Webb waxay qabtaan iftiinka xiddigaha ee 13 bilyan oo sanado iftiin ah iyadoo la ballaarinayo aagga iftiinka ururinta.

2, La cusboonaysiiyay xallinta indhaha iyo saxnaanta sawirka

Mabda'a: Marka loo eego shuruudaha Rayleigh, daloolka lens-ka ee weyn, ayaa sare u kaca xallinta xaddidan ee kala-duwanaanta (formula: θ≈1.22λ/D, halkaasoo D ay tahay dhexroorka muraayadda).

Xaaladaha Codsiga:

Dayax-gacmeedka Dareemida Fog: muraayadaha ujeeddooyinka cabbirkoodu waaweyn yahay (tusaale, muraayadda 2.4-mitir ee dayax-gacmeedka US Keyhole) ayaa xallin kara bartilmaameedyada dhulka ee cabbirka 0.1-mitir.

3, Habaynta Wajiga Iftiinka, Balaadhinta, iyo Polarization

Aqoonsiga Farsamada: Tilmaamaha Wavefront ee iftiinka ayaa lagu beddelaa qaabaynta qaabka dusha sare (tusaale, parabolic, sagxadaha aspheric) ama hababka dahaadhka muraayada.

Codsiyada caadiga ah:

Qalabaynta Wave Detectors (LIGO): Lenses silica isku dhafan oo cabbirkoodu weyn yahay waxay ilaalinayaan xasilloonida wejiga faragelinta laysarka iyada oo loo marayo qaababka dusha sare ee saxda ah (khaladaadka <1 nanometer).

Nidaamyada indhaha ee Polarization: Polarizer-yada cabbirka weyn ama taarikada hirarka ayaa loo adeegsadaa qalabka farsamaynta laysarka si loo xakameeyo xaaladda laysarka iyo kor u qaadida saamaynta habaynta walxaha.